This provides rapid standby upgrades. Prevent non-superusers from reindexing shared catalogs (Michael Paquier, Robert Haas). This will work correctly if all affected tables are part of the same subscription. This is done with format specifications TZH and TZM. The most intuitive upgrade way you can think of is to generate a replica in a new version and perform a failover of the application into it. Prior Releases. The node where a subscription is defined is referred to as the subscriber, and it defines the connection to another database and set of publications (one or more) to which it wants to subscribe. The user creating a subscription must be a superuser. Verify that the Latest checkpoint location values match in all clusters. E.20.3.1. Add extension jsonb_plpython to transform JSONB to/from PL/Python types (Anthony Bykov), Add extension jsonb_plperl to transform JSONB to/from PL/Perl types (Anthony Bykov), Change libpq to disable compression by default (Peter Eisentraut). UPDATE statements that change a partition key column now cause affected rows to be moved to the appropriate partitions (Amit Khandekar), Allow INSERT, UPDATE, and COPY on partitioned tables to properly route rows to foreign partitions (Etsuro Fujita, Amit Langote). This generates a C continue statement, causing a return to the top of the contained loop when the specified condition occurs. An index on a partitioned table is not a physical index across the whole partitioned table, but rather a template for automatically creating similar indexes on each partition of the table. This catalog contains information about all publications created in the database. Fix relation cache memory leaks with RLS policies (Tom Lane), Fix small memory leak when SIGHUP processing decides that a new GUC variable value cannot be applied without a restart (Tom Lane), Fix memory leaks in PL/pgsql's CALL processing (Pavel Stehule, Tom Lane), Make libpq support arbitrary-length lines in .pgpass files (Tom Lane). My tip is not to spend too much time with this huge list, most of which you won't understand. The release notes do not contain changes that affect only a few users or changes that are internal and therefore not user-visible. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML. Is there such a thing as aspiration harmony? Ensure that ALTER TABLE ONLY ENABLE/DISABLE TRIGGER does not recurse to child tables (lvaro Herrera), Fix handling of expressions in CREATE TABLE LIKE with inheritance (Tom Lane). In PL/pgSQL trigger functions, the OLD and NEW variables now read as NULL when not assigned (Tom Lane). This is performed by pg_replication_slot_advance(). your experience with the particular feature or requires further clarification, Add transaction control to PL/pgSQL, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Tcl, and SPI server-side languages (Peter Eisentraut). The new unit suffix is B. Subscribers pull data from the publications they subscribe to. Eigenvalues of position operator in higher dimensions is vector, not scalar? Perform a database backup. Prevent logical replication workers from sending redundant ping requests (Tom Lane), During smart shutdown, don't terminate background processes until all client (foreground) sessions are done (Tom Lane). Previously, CREATE DATABASE would be emitted without these specifications if the database locale and encoding matched the old cluster's defaults. Always create a database backup before performing a migration. Server variable data_directory_mode allows reading of data directory group permissions. You will have to read the release notes for all 11 versions you haven't kept up with. Require schema qualification to cast to a temporary type when using functional cast syntax (Noah Misch) We have long required invocations of temporary functions to explicitly specify the temporary schema, that is pg_temp.func_name(args).Require this as well for casting to temporary types using functional notation, for example pg_temp.type_name(arg). pg_upgrade upgrade a PostgreSQL server instance, pg_upgrade -b oldbindir [-B newbindir] -d oldconfigdir -D newconfigdir [option]. But in PostgreSQL 13, it returns the NULL which is correct behavior, but you need to modify your application if expecting . The name appearing next to each item represents the major developer for that item. This is helpful for allowing user-defined aggregate functions to be optimized and to work as window functions. The release notes contain the significant changes in each PostgreSQL release, with major features and migration issues listed at the top. PostgreSQL upgrades can be performed in two ways: a regular upgrade, or a fast upgrade: A regular upgrade creates a complete copy of the database, so you need double the existing database size of space available. Once the synchronization is done, the control of the replication of the table is given back to the main apply process where the replication continues as normal. The default is enabled, meaning the leader will execute subplans. Major PostgreSQL releases regularly add new features that often change the layout of the system tables, but the internal data storage format rarely changes. Also suppress the user name before the password prompt when --password is specified. PostgreSQL 10: November 10, 2022 PostgreSQL 11: November 9, 2023 PostgreSQL 12: November 14, 2024 (released on October 3rd, 2019) parallel merge joins the support for parallel index scans has been improved it's also possible to customize the number of parallel workers in a single query (defaults to 8) parallel hash joins (helps with inner joins) Previously, such circumstances generated errors. PostgreSQL 9.5. However, if a fast upgrade fails, you must restore the database from the backup. PostgreSQL 15. For more information on backing up, see Backup and Restore. The other parameters that also need to be set here are: So, we must configure our subscriber (in this case our PostgreSQL 11 server) as follows: As this PostgreSQL 11 will be our new master soon, we should consider adding the wal_level and archive_mode parameters in this step, to avoid a new restart of the service later. If, after running pg_upgrade, you wish to revert to the old cluster, there are several options: If the --check option was used, the old cluster was unmodified; it can be restarted. On Windows, make psql read the output of a backtick command in text mode, not binary mode (Tom Lane). File cloning is only supported on some operating systems and file systems. Copyright 1996-2023 The PostgreSQL Global Development Group. Allow LOCK TABLE to succeed on a self-referential view (Tom Lane). Channel binding is intended to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, but SCRAM cannot prevent them unless it can be forced to be active. This allows workers to reduce returned results and use targeted index scans. Menu If extension updates are available, pg_upgrade will report this and create a script that can be run later to update them. I've been reading the documentation and listing all the deprecated features. To verify the status of replication in the master we can use pg_stat_replication: To verify when the initial transfer is finished we can see the PostgreSQL log on the subscriber: Or checking the srsubstate variable on pg_subscription_rel catalog. This speeds access to partitioned tables with many partitions. This eliminates a coding hazard for extension modules that need to include stdbool.h. : or on Windows, using the proper service names: Streaming replication and log-shipping standby servers can remain running until a later step. Add support for 64-bit non-cryptographic hash functions (Robert Haas, Amul Sul), Allow to_char() and to_timestamp() to specify the time zone's offset from UTC in hours and minutes (Nikita Glukhov, Andrew Dunstan). It will represent a valid uniqueness constraint across the whole partitioned table, even though each physical index only enforces uniqueness within its own partition. However, the old syntax is still accepted for compatibility. Allow background workers to attach to databases that normally disallow connections (Magnus Hagander), Add support for hardware CRC calculations on ARMv8 (Yuqi Gu, Heikki Linnakangas, Thomas Munro), Speed up lookups of built-in functions by OID (Andres Freund). Partitioning Allow the creation of partitions based on hashing a key column (Amul Sul) Support indexes on partitioned tables (lvaro Herrera, Amit Langote) In the extended query protocol, make statement_timeout apply to each Execute message separately, not to all commands before Sync (Tatsuo Ishii, Andres Freund), Remove the relhaspkey column from system catalog pg_class (Peter Eisentraut). When x is a table name or composite column, PostgreSQL has traditionally considered the syntactic forms f(x) and x.f to be equivalent, allowing tricks such as writing a function and then using it as though it were a computed-on-demand column. : If you have relocated pg_wal outside the data directories, rsync must be run on those directories too. to report a documentation issue. PostgreSQL 14. Once we have our schema in PostgreSQL 11, we create the subscription, replacing the values of host, dbname, user, and password with those that correspond to our environment. While rsync must be run on the primary for at least one standby, it is possible to run rsync on an upgraded standby to upgrade other standbys, as long as the upgraded standby has not been started. This new column more clearly distinguishes functions, procedures, aggregates, and window functions. Allow environment variable PSQL_PAGER to control psql's pager (Pavel Stehule). A subscription is the downstream side of logical replication. (Ep. Consider syntactic form when disambiguating function versus column references (Tom Lane). Remove the contrib/start-scripts/osx scripts since they are no longer recommended (use contrib/start-scripts/macos instead) (Tom Lane), Remove the chkpass extension (Peter Eisentraut). Copyright 1996-2023 The PostgreSQL Global Development Group, PostgreSQL 15.2, 14.7, 13.10, 12.14, and 11.19 Released. In PostgreSQL 11: $ pg_dumpall -s > schema.sql. Regular upgrades can take a considerable amount of time, depending on the size of the database and the speed of the storage system. The data in serial or identity columns backed by sequences will be replicated as part of the table, but the sequence itself would still show the start value on the subscriber. For example, the optimizer is improved in almost every release, but the improvements are usually observed by users as simply faster queries. Replication is only possible from base tables to base tables. Previously, option names in certain SQL commands were forcibly lower-cased even if entered with double quotes; thus for example "FillFactor" would be accepted as an index storage option, though properly its name is lower-case. This could lead to errors like missing chunk number 0 for toast value NNN. This oversight could lead to failure of subsequent PITR recovery attempts. If it is selected but not supported, the pg_upgrade run will error. It is important that any external modules are also binary compatible, though this cannot be checked by pg_upgrade. Why refined oil is cheaper than cold press oil? You can find more about logical replication in the following blogs: So, now that we know what this new feature is about, we can think about how we can use it to solve the upgrade issue. (CVE-2020-25694), When psql's \connect command re-uses connection parameters, ensure that all non-overridden parameters from a previous connection string are re-used (Tom Lane), This avoids cases where reconnection might fail due to omission of relevant parameters, such as non-default SSL or GSS options. However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 11.6, see SectionE.14. The new ALTER/DROP ROUTINE commands allow altering/dropping of all routine-like objects, including procedures, functions, and aggregates. Previously, references to these variables could be parsed but not executed. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Is there a standard approach to rolling out database schema changes? pg_dump and pg_restore, without --create, no longer dump/restore database-level comments and security labels; those are now treated as properties of the database. Version 11 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility with previous releases. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML. Transaction control is only available within top-transaction-level procedures and nested DO and CALL blocks that only contain other DO and CALL blocks. Allow postgres_fdw to push down aggregates to foreign tables that are partitions (Jeevan Chalke), Allow parallel building of a btree index (Peter Geoghegan, Rushabh Lathia, Heikki Linnakangas), Allow hash joins to be performed in parallel using a shared hash table (Thomas Munro), Allow UNION to run each SELECT in parallel if the individual SELECTs cannot be parallelized (Amit Khandekar, Robert Haas, Amul Sul), Allow partition scans to more efficiently use parallel workers (Amit Khandekar, Robert Haas, Amul Sul), Allow LIMIT to be passed to parallel workers (Robert Haas, Tom Lane). The new pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore option is --no-comments. However, if both interpretations are feasible, the column interpretation was always chosen, leading to surprising results if the user intended the function interpretation. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Check the active smdba version: rpm -q smdba PostgreSQL 13 requires smdba version 1.7.6 or later. (Tablespaces and pg_wal can be on different file systems.) If you are using an older version, such as version9.6, see Database Migration from Version 9 to 10. please use --new-bindir=bindir. Large objects are not replicated. If you did not start the new cluster, the old cluster was unmodified except that, when linking started, a .old suffix was appended to $PGDATA/global/pg_control. We encourage you to install this update at your earliest possible convenience. Add CREATE AGGREGATE option to specify the behavior of the aggregate's finalization function (Tom Lane). A fast upgrade reduces the risk of running out of disk space, but increases the Disallow DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY on a partitioned table (lvaro Herrera, Michael Paquier). The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all supported versions of PostgreSQL, including 14.3, 13.7, 12.11, 11.16, and 10.21. Make psql's \d+ command always show the table's partitioning information (Amit Langote, Ashutosh Bapat). \gset without a prefix would overwrite whatever variables the server told it to. Worse, the reconnection might succeed but not be encrypted as intended, or be vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks that the intended connection parameters would have prevented. to report a documentation issue. This is another good reason to upgrade early: the pain is much smaller and it's usually much less work. The pgsql-committers email list records all source code changes as well. Overhaul the way that initial system catalog contents are defined (John Naylor). Show memory usage in output from log_statement_stats, log_parser_stats, log_planner_stats, and log_executor_stats (Justin Pryzby, Peter Eisentraut), Add column pg_stat_activity.backend_type to show the type of a background worker (Peter Eisentraut), Make log_autovacuum_min_duration log skipped tables that are concurrently being dropped (Nathan Bossart), Add information_schema columns related to table constraints and triggers (Peter Eisentraut).