3. Legit.ng recently explored the main economic problems plaguing Nigeria. The principal rivers include the Sngal and the Niger, draining to the Atlantic, and the Nile and its tributaries, which derive much of their water from areas beyond the Sudan region. Camels willingly eat young shoots of these bushes, while leaves are used in folk medicine. The rainfall in the Guinea savanna is often within the range of about 1400 mm yearly. It occupies most of the Niger Delta, between the lowland rainforests in the north and the mangrove swamps in Iguwhich. Feinstein Wildfire Bill, Trees in these rainforests can grow as tall as 45 meters and make up the largest parts of forest reserves in the country. Nigeria is rich with different insects. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? dry and wooded savanna, south of the Sahel. This type of area is good for rice farming, especially in areas that are stabilized and dont have a lot of salt marsh. Historically, the name was understood to denote the western part of the Sahel region. Cattle are predominantly the livestock kept, but in some areas, sheep and goats are also kept. Examples of plants you will see in this vegetation are Ngibbi, Leptadenia, Acacia raddiana, and African myrrh etc. Next to them, you can meet the palms of doom, the whale, the whitish acacia, which sheds the leaves in the wet season, and during the draught is covered with fresh leaves serving as food for animals. Here, rainfall decreases between 500-1000 mm per year. Golf Ball Hits Another Ball And Goes In, The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa (3 Plates, Northwestern Africa, Northeastern Africa, and Southern Africa, 1:5,000,000). The leaves of the candelabra-shaped pandanus are used for weaving mats and baskets. Here is a look at the different Nigerian vegetation zones and their characteristics. Various species of elephant grass dominate in this area. A typical Montane vegetation zone is made up of grassland and slopes, which are mainly forests. This vegetation type covers Nigerian states such as Kaduna state, Oyo state, Enugu state, Anambra state, Edo state,and Ondo state. Much of the Sudanian savanna region is used in the form of parklands, where useful trees, such as shea, baobab, locust-bean tree and others are spared from cutting, while sorghum, maize, millet or other crops are cultivated beneath. You can also find grasses like pennisetum, andropogan, and hypomania. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); hussaini dris marke call me engineer class of 2k21 at gstc ringim. Due Date Based On Implantation Bleeding, Your email address will not be published. The states of Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Zamfara, Sokoto, and Kebbi are found in this zone. These are the Mangrove Swamp, Rainforest, Derived savanna, Guinea savanna, Sudan savanna and Sahel savanna zones. selected risk assessment techniques; plant uptake factor (PUF), soil-plant transfer coefficient (TC) and translocation factor (TF) of Pb and The effects of N fertilization on water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological and yield traits of sorghum were investigated in two locations over two cropping seasons (2014 and 2015) in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria. Natural conditions of the Sudan Savannah are favorable for crop cultivation and animal rearing. This vegetation type is found in the middle of the country. The acacia trees always have thorny bushes with an umbrella look. The Guinean forest-savanna mosaic. JavaScript is disabled for your browser. This vegetation is characterized by very short rainfall which is followed by an intense long dry season. They are also multi-tiered, but less dense, the underbrush is difficult to access. The geography of the Sudan Savanna makes it very suitable for both animal and crop production. In the north of the rainforest zone, it doesnt rain more than 1600 mm yearly, which makes it difficult for trees to grow. "Please don't do this": Private sector begs Buhari as FG announces new taxes. the largest found in the rainforest is luxuriant. Protected areas A 2017 assessment found that 107,116 km, or 16%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Havana without baobabs. Spatial patterns of climatic variability and water budget over Sudan Savannah Region of Nigeria. Having a hot semi-arid climate, it stretches across the south-central latitudes of Northern Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. It is distinguished from the Sudan savanna because it has more trees whereas the Sudan few trees. Sudan Savanna: This vegetation belt is found in Sokoto, Kastina, Kaduna, Kano, Dutse, Bauchi, etc. This vegetation area is characterized by tall trees. This study is aimed to detect weed hosts of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) in field-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Sudan savanna regions (Gombe, Jigawa and Kano states) of Nigeria during 2017 and 2018 dry and wet seasons. Other states include parts of Kogi, Kaduna and Benue. Biodun Fatoyinbo Biography, Career & Lots More, How to Get Pink Lips Naturally in Nigeria. Then in the mid dry season, there is a smoke screen over the savanna. Camels graze on young shoots of these bushes, while leaves are used by the local people for preparing the traditional medicine. The main characteristic of Sahel savanna is desert vegetation. The term derives from the Arabic bild al-sdn ("land of the black peoples") and has been in use from at least the 12th century. It is confined within the tropics (Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn) & is best developed in Sudan, where dry & wet climate are most distinct, hence Abnormal haemoglobins in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. There are always observable features to differentiate these four climates. Immunological response to malaria in normals and subjects with sickle cell trait. Rainy seasons decline correspondingly in length as one moves north, with Kano having an average rainy period of 120 to 130 days, and Katsina and Sokoto having rainy . (And other social media acronyms), DStv packages in Nigeria: subscription prices and channels 2023, How to flash an Android phone with and without a computer, Common weeds and their scientific names with pictures in Nigeria, Ekweremadu sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in UK? This vegetation type is limited to the high mountain plateau of Nigeria. So how familiar are you with these vegetation zones in Nigeria? The climate is tropical and strongly seasonal. Generally, natural conditions of the Sudanese savanna are favorable for the progress of agriculture and animal farming. Poaching of wildlife, for example elephants, is particularly pronounced in politically unstable areas such as South Sudan. Infestation of crop fields by Striga species in the savanna zones of northeast Nigeria. At first they traveled with the aid of horses and oxen, but migration was greatly expanded and probably accelerated with the introduction of the camel about 300 ce, especially as camel caravans were able to cross the Sahara. Areas covered by this vegetation type receive little rainfall to support plant growth. Corrections? One of the defining characteristics of the Sahel Savanna in Nigeria is its low precipitation. Reasons why you shouldn't go to study in Canada, Fidelity Bank USSD Transfer Code (everything you need to know). These trees include isoberlina, dum palm, oil palm, mitragyna, and shea butter, among others. They include Dinder National Park in Sudan, Radom and Boma National Parks in South Sudan, as well as Zakouma National Park in Chad, Manovo-Gounda-Saint Floris and Bamingui-Bangoran National Parks in Central African Republic, Gambella National Park in Ethiopia, and Mount Kei Wildlife Sanctuary in Uganda. But before we do that, lets first understand what vegetation means. Image credit: Fatayaka, Creaitve Commons. Most large mammals are now very limited in range and numbers. The trees are also thorny. Agricultural activity in this area centres mainly on cattle, sheep and goat rearing. Still, further to the north, the forests are becoming sparser, and at last the expanses of the savanna open. Other plants that can be found in the Sahel savanna region include plants like leptodenia, balanites, panicum, date palsete, Pennisetum, stipoides, and many others. In this blog post, we have discussed Nigerias major vegetation zone. Movement across the grasslands is generally uninterrupted, especially during the dry season, and the continuity of a similar environment along the southern boundaries of the Sahara for vast distances has encouraged people to move from the north and east from early times. Nigerian Sudan Savanna Zone is situated between latitudes 93 and 1231 N and longitudes 4 and 143 E which covers about 22.8 million hectares representing about one quarter of Nigeria's geographical area (Manyong et al., 1995).The region is characterized by high annual average temperature (28-32C), short wet season and long dry season (6-9 months), abundant short . Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of rates of Phosphorus fertilizer and intra-row spacings on growth and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the Sudan Savana zone of Nigeria, during 2018 cropping season at Mohammet Treatments and experimental design The treatments consisted of three seed rates at (3, 6, 9 kg ha-1), two sowing methods (broadcasting, dibbling) and three poultry manure rates at [0, 2.5, 5.0 t ha-1, NPK (90 kg N + 60 kg P 2O5 + Results of field experiments to measure the influence of shelterbelts on wind velocity, air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture and yield of millet in a semi-arid environ- ment are presented. Omissions? Livestock raising is a major economic activity, and considerable numbers of people are still (though decreasingly) nomadic or seminomadic, moving with their herds in search of pasturage. This blog post serves as a guide to the countrys different vegetation zones and their distinguishing characteristics. The Sudans mean annual rainfall varies between 10 inches (250 mm) in the north and 60 inches (1,500 mm) in the south, with the hottest months usually from June to September and with a pronounced, and often very prolonged, dry season. May to October with an estimated total production of 8.5 million tones (12). During these fire outbreaks, it is only the parts of the grasses on the earths surface that get affected by the fire. It has many different kinds of vegetation and animals. Savannahs are characterized by grasslands with little or no forest. Also, the wood from the trees in the savanna is used to build yam barns and fence the rural areas. Sahel Savanna This savanna is known for its desert vegetation. Groups of trees such as the drought-resistant kaya, Isoberlinia, Mitragina feature here. And because the sea is close by, its salt water influences the nature of this region. Ondo, Kwara, Osun, and Oyo states, some Southwestern states are the states where the Guinea savanna can be found in Nigeria. The Montane vegetation zone is a type of vegetation that grows in high mountainous regions. Characteristics of. The types of savanna in Nigeria would be addressed below: The Sudan savanna is a type of savanna found in Nigeria. The Jos plateau is one of the highest points in Nigeria. As a result, the annual rainfall lasts only about 3 to 4 months. Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota. Four major Striga species were identified: Striga hermonthica in sorghum or maize; Striga aspera in rice; Striga densiflora in pearl millet and fallow and Striga gesnerioides in cowpea. It lies between latitudes 19.06 0 N and 10.05 0 N and longitudes 5.32 0 E and 10.10 0 E at an altitude range of 250m and 461m. This is the largest vegetation zone in Nigeria, covering almost half of the country's landmass. [4], The Sudanian savanna is used by both pastoralists and farmers. The different vegetation zones in Nigeria is as a result of the various climatic conditions across the country. Soil phosphorus and phosphate fixation. This is the reason why the grasses and the plants in the region are always short. Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. Lake Chad in the western Sudan is a centre for interior drainage. You can find guinea fowl, Snakes, deer, grasshoppers, and rats in the Guinea savanna. From the countrys north to the south, different temperatures, weather conditions, and other geographical factors cause variation in vegetation. In the rivers, a very rare mammal is found it is a sea cow. Here, short grass abounds but trees are much fewer than that of the Guinea Savannah. The trees in the Guinea savanna do not blossom during a part of the dry season. Once, a significant part of the territory was covered with dense tropical rainforests. The Sahel savannah has the most severe vegetation in the country since it is mostly desert. With the first rains appear juicy shoots of young grass and green leaves. It is representative of the natural wetlands of the Sudan savanna in Nigeria. And then the dry season lasts more than six to seven months. The grass reaches a great height, in which not only a man, but also a large animal can hide. Herds of sheep, cattle, and goats can be found here grazing on vast pastures. Some of these trees have their trunks twisted as a result of annual fires. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. . Across the three ecozones, about 85% of fields planted to maize and sorghum were infested with S. hermonthica and 81% of cowpea fields with S. gesenerioides. Therefore, a study was conducted in the wet season of 2006 at the Dry Land Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to evaluate the effect of phosphorus on the growth and yield of two cowpea varieties sourced from Republic of Niger. It stretches from the border of Senegal, through southern Mali (formerly known as French Sudan when it was a French colony), Burkina Faso, southern Niger and northern Nigeria, southern Chad and the western Darfur region of presentday Sudan. Vegetation usually depends on the climate zones of the country. A, PROBLEMS OF MINERAL EXPLOITATION IN NIGERIA AND SOLUTIONS, PROBLEMS OF AIR TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS, ETHNIC CONFLICT IN NIGERIA: CAUSES AND SOLUTION, 10 MAJOR CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA AND SOLUTIONS. The original wooded savanna habitat has been significantly reduced, although to a lesser extent than in the West Sudanian Savanna, primarily due to the lower human population density. Bauchi is situated in northeastern Nigeria in the Sudan (dry . Other components of the tropical rainforest of southern Nigeria are the coastal vegetation, riparian forest, mangrove forest, and lowland rainforest. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The lower layer species are the undergrowth vegetation and have the highest density possible. The Sudan Savannah is a wide belt of tropical savanna running across Africa south of the Sahel, separated into east and west ecoregions by the Cameroon Highlands. You can find the Sudan savanna in the northern part of the Guinea savanna. . [2], The Sudanian savanna is one of the three distinct physiographic provinces of the larger African Massive division. National Forest Reference Emission Level (FREL) for the Federal Republic of Nigeria. These zones are defined by the prevalent climatic conditions in the areas they occupy, with each being suitable for different economic activities. This type of vegetation is dependent on the coastal location of the zone. The country has six distinct agro-ecological zones transiting in south-north direction from the Atlantic coast to the arid savanna of Sahel. Protected areas in this ecoregion include: Old Oyo National Park (Nigeria), Bui and Digya National . It is difficult to imagine the Sudanese savanna without baobabs. Mali in turn was overthrown during the latter part of the 15th century by the expansion of the Songhai, or Gao, empire, which developed from Berber settlements established on the lower Niger as early as the 7th century. Status of pH, Available Sulphur, Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen on Some Small Holders Farms in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria November 1, 2020 Posted by: RSIS The dried seeds of cowpea provide an inexpensive source of protein in The annual rainfall is as high as 1,000 mm in the south, but declines to the north with only 600 mm found on the border with the Sahelian Acacia Savanna. These are the Mangrove Swamp, Rainforest, Derived savanna, Guinea savanna, Sudan savanna and Sahel savanna zones. Some of these vegetations such as the Sudan Savannah are very important to herders who rely on grass for the survival of their animals. The soil of BUK site was sandy loam of the pH 6.5, Organic matter content 7.9 g kg-1 The Sudan Savannah zone is found in the Northwest stretching from the Sokoto plains in the West, through the Northern sections of the Central highland. More humid forest-savanna mosaic ecoregions lie . In the forests the antelope dik-dik is found, its weight is about 3 kg. The baobabs are very common, and its difficult to imagine the Sudan savanna without them. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Burgess, N., Hales, J.A., Underwood, E., Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Itoua, I., Schipper, J., Ricketts, T. and Newman, K. 2004. Soil phosphorus and phosphate fixation. The states of Edo, Lagos and Cross River are partly in this ecological region. The Montane zone is situated in high-mountain areas. What Time Zone Is Asia Pacific, In this vegetation zone such plants as Ngibbi, Acacia raddiana, Leptadenia, and African myrrh are growing. The effectiveness of commercial foliar fertilizers in improving maize growth and yield was evaluated in three savanna agroecological zones of Nigeria in two steps. The black rhinoceros will be re-introduced in Chad after being extirpated from this ecoregion decades ago along with the northern white rhino. Labour Party Candidate Finally Open Up, Abdulsamad Rabiu beats Aliko Dangote as Nigeria's top 3 billionaires' wealth rises by over N184.1bn in April. With the first raindrop in this area, young grass shoots and green leaves begin to grow to keep the Guinea Savannah alive. The vegetation is characterized by desert. The rainfall might be adequate for cultivation were it not for the very high rate of evaporation, which makes irrigation essential in many areas. Such giants with powerful tree-shaped roots, diverging from the base of the trunk, are not afraid of the elemental forces of nature. These trees are so big that they make up most of the countrys forest reserves. The people of the Sudan are predominantly black, and, though these people are primarily Bantu-speaking, there is also a considerable admixture of Arabic- and Berber-speaking peoples, the degree of their influence decreasing westward and southward toward the Gulf of Guinea. The area is generally covered by grasses but the slopes are covered by forests. in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. This zone is characterized by a short rainy season and a long, intensely dry season. The trees and plants then blossom at the absorption of the first rain of the year. You can find the Sudan savanna in the Northwestern, Northeastern, and North Central states in Northern Nigeria. Your email address will not be published. They inhabit the forest patches of the Guinean Forest-Savanna ecoregion, which are scattered across the vast savanna plain found in between the humid forests of the Guinea-Congolian region and the dry savannas of the West Sudanian region. This vegetation zone can be seen from the Niger-Benin Republic border. Sudan Savanna is found in Northern Nigeria. One of the main vegetation zones in Nigeria is the freshwater swamp forest. These crops include corn, millet, groundnut, and sorghum, among others. This vegetation zone is one of the worlds most productive ecosystems. Sudan Savanna Of Nigeria M. ISMAILA D. D. DANAZUMI Department of Agricultural Technology, Yobe State College of Agriculture Gujba, P.M.B. In the Sudan savanna, early season and terminal drought conditions are almost an annual event (Onyibe et al., 2006). The zone is slightly wetter than the Sahel Savannah and receives between 500 and 1000 mm of rainfall each year. The Savannah is the second biggest type of vegetation found in Nigeria. What Time Zone Is Asia Pacific, There is a wide range of agro-ecological regions in SSA, including three major zones: moist savanna, Sudan savanna, and mid-altitude zones, representing respectively 29%, 31%, and 40% of the total cropland in SSA. Vegetation reflects environmental conditions, so we need to be very attentive to the changes, especially radical ones. The biggest trees amongst them are more than 6+0m high. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It is a common site to see herds of sheep, cattle and goats grazing on the vast pastures. Here, the grass grows so tall that it could cover a person, and big animals can easily hide in them. Updates? Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria, Peter Obi Meets Tinubu? All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. The level of infestation was 60% in southern Guinea, 68% in Sudan and 74% in northern Guinea savanna. Mangrove shrubs are prevalent in the salty water sections, while other plants, including human-grown rice, can be found in the stabilized, non-saline areas. Liana is usually a woody vine, long-stem that are usually well rooted in the soils and make use of other trees close or in surroundings to reach a very high position in order to access sunlight in the forest area. Nigeria currently has two broad belts of vegetation.